X Nonsense mutation: This mutation causes the protein to be truncated (cut short) due to the incorporation of a “stop” Typically results in a change in the three-dimensional conformation of the protein. Type of mutation causes a change in the primary structure of the protein (the linear sequence of amino acids), which X Missense mutation: This mutation causes an amino acid in the sequence to be changed to another amino acid. ![]() X Silent mutation: This mutation does not cause a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein therefore, there is ![]() Potential Results a Gene Mutation Has on a Protein X Deletion mutation: The loss of one or more nucleotides from the DNA gene sequence. X Insertion mutation: The addition of one or more nucleotides to the DNA gene sequence. X Substitution mutation: The replacement of one nucleotide of DNA for another. Mutations, and several results that mutations can have on the amino acid sequences of proteins. A change in protein structure can change, negate, or have no effect on function. Gene mutations can change the structure of the resulting Mutated version of the Mc1r gene, however, triggers melanocytes to increase the production of eumelanin, resulting inĪ gene mutation is any change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Wild-type (nonmutant) mice produce more pheomelanin than eumelanin. This receptor is foundĮmbedded in the membrane of melanocytes, which are cells specialized for pigment production. This gene encodes a protein called melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). The synthesis of these pigments is controlled by the products of several genes, The coat color of rock pocket mice is primarily determined by two pigments: eumelanin, which is dark colored, and Through theirĪnalyses, they discovered a mutation in the Mc1r gene that is involved in coat-color determination. Researchers analyzed theĭata from these two populations to search for the genetic mutation responsible for the dark coat color. Scientists have collected data from a population of primarily dark-colored mice living in anĪrea of basalt in Arizona’s Pinacate lava flow, as well as from a nearby light-colored population. But populations of primarily dark-colored rock pocket mice haveīeen found living in areas where the ground is covered in a dark rock called basalt, which was caused by geologic lavaįlows thousands of years ago. Because most rock pocket mice have a sandy, light-colored coat, they are able to blend in with the lightĬolor of the desert rocks and sand that they live on. ![]() The rock pocket mouse, Chaetodipus intermedius, is a small, nocturnal animal found in the deserts of the southwestern STUDENT HANDOUT Natural Selection and Adaptation MOLECULAR GENETICS OF COLOR MUTATIONS IN ROCK POCKET MICE Molecular Genetics of Color Mutations in Rock Pocket Mice Published July 2012 Revised October 2013
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